The title, abstract and pictures of a patent are not what it protects. The claims are. They are the numbered sentences at the end of the document. Here's how to read them.
1. Find the independent claims
An independent claim stands alone ("1. A container comprising..."). A dependent claim refers back ("2. The container of claim 1, wherein..."). Independent claims are the broadest, so read those first. Most patents have 1-3.
2. Split the claim into elements
Break claim 1 at each comma or semicolon after "comprising". Example: A bottle comprising: (a) a body; (b) a lid hinged to the body; (c) a filter inside the lid. That's three elements.
3. Apply the "all elements" idea
Generally, a claim only covers something that has every element, either literally or as an equivalent. If your design has no filter in the lid, it likely falls outside that claim, though a dependent claim or another patent may differ. That's why a feature-by-feature chart is the most useful way to compare.
4. Watch the key words
- Comprising: open, so extra parts don't escape the claim.
- Consisting of: closed, limited to exactly those parts.
- Wherein / configured to: often where the real novelty sits.
- Defined terms: check the description for how words like "flexible" are used.
5. Check status and dates
A claim only matters if the patent is in force. See how to check if a patent has expired. Applications may have their claims amended before grant.
6. Make a claim chart
Make a table with one row per element and columns for each patent, and mark Yes, No or Partial against your product. This is exactly what our $99 report does for the 10 closest patents, with quoted text. See the sample. Interpreting claims for infringement is a legal question; use the chart to brief an attorney. Not legal advice.
Practise on real examples in our product patent landscapes.
Check your invention
The 10 closest patents to your idea, charted feature by feature, in 24 hours for $99.
Not legal advice. Not exhaustive.